In this paper, specific grains burn back is presented by new geometrical method. The software is developed for Wagon wheel grains and 3D grains. Rapid SOLID MOTOR BALLISTIC simulation code produces required charts with considered nozzle geometry. Presented method used geometrical introducer point (GIP) to produce the various grains.Limitations and configurations are simply modeled. Thrust, total pressure and temperature are illustrated as web burned changing. The results confirm the performance of the developed algorithm for mentioned grain analysis. Lower time processing and rapid BALLISTIC analysis are the benefits of the presented algorithm. Finally results of the burn back analysis code and the internal BALLISTIC simulation code are evaluated by some other existent codes and real cylindrical grain test.

Composite modified double base propellants (CMDB) are made by adding high energetic materials to double base propellants. There are three kinds of CMDB propellants: The first type contain AP and Al the second type are, smokeless propellants containing nitramines such as HMX and RDX, and the third type are high energy propellants containing Al, AP. HMX or RDX. In this paper nitramine CMDB propellants are under consideration. CMDB propellants were made via extrusion method by adding RDX to the double base propellants formulation. The effect of RDX addition on specific impulse, burning rate and mechanicalproperties were studied and the results were compared with a specific reference double base propellant. The results showed that addition of nitramines to double base propellants enhances both specific impulse (Isp), and density of the propellant while decreasing its burning rate and mechanical properties.

In this study, different flow analysis models in SOLID rocket MOTOR are presented. Amongst these models, some are not capable of predicting the effects of significant phenomena such as erosive burning and longitudinal acceleration. In order to consider these effects on the internal BALLISTIC, a quasi-one-dimensional model was developed which employs generalized flow equations. A non-viscous and incompressible quasi-one-dimensional flow with friction, mass injection and flow crosssection variation were taken into account in the governing equations. Then, assuming quasi unsteady flow and considering pressure drop and variation of nozzle throat diameter, and also neglecting the heat transfer in the walls, the governing equations were integrated along the engine length at each time increment. Finally, the flow characteristics inside the engine including the distribution of pressure, temperature, and Mach number along the engine as well as functional characteristics of the engine such as chamber pressure during the burning process were determined as a function of time. Erosive burning effects on the burning rate are of great importance at various conditions. Therefore, , the results of the model were compared with the experimental data of Saderholm model.

In this study, SOLID rocket MOTOR internal BALLISTIC, has been investigated. Flow field consists of internal grain space and converging-diverging nozzle. Axisymmetric, compressible and transient Euler equations have been considered as governing equations and erosive burning has been considered as an important phenomenon in SOLID rocket MOTORs. Fluent software and its moving mesh capability have been used to flow field modeling. At the first time, an appropriate UDF has been utilized to achieve a good simulation of erosive burning. The results show very good agreement with other numerical results.

Introduction. We report our experience 2946 Ureteroscopic BALLISTIC lithotripsy procedures.Methods: We retrospectiveely reviewed all ureteroscopic lithotripsies performed at two hospital affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences from April 1995 through September 2001. A total of 2946 procedures using the Swiss Lithocast in 1910 males and 1036 females. Technical aspects of the procedures, clinical outcome and postoperative complications were assessed.Results: Ureteroscopic BALLISTIC lithotripsy was successfully performed in 2799 pasults (95%). Dilatation of the ureteral orifice was required in 147 patients (5%). An internal stent was placed postoperatively in 156 patients (5.3%) including all of the 38 patints (1%) who had either bilateral calculi or solitary kidneys and ureteral stones. 117 patients (4%) became stone-free after a repeat ureteroscopic BALLISTIC lithotripsy. Emergency surgical intervention for intra-or postoperative complications (ureteral perforation or avulsion, urinoma, abcess) was required in 30 patients Cl%). Procedures were done on an outpatient basis in 2504 patients (85%).Discussion. Ureteroscopic BALLISTIC lithotripsy using the Swiss Lithoclast is a minimally invasive, and effective procedure that can be performed on an outpatient basis in the majority of cases.

Background and Objectives: SOLID Pseudo-Papillary Tumor (SPPT) is a benign and rare neoplasm which transforms to malignant from in fewer than 1 to 2 percent of cases. In more than 90% of the cases, it appears in young women ages 20 to 40 years old. Although SPPT is a benign tumor, it has special potential for mild malignancy. Case Report: The patient was an 18-year old woman with abdominal mass, headache, fever, chill, decreased appetite, pallor and dysuria who referred to Shahid Sadooghi hospital of Yazd, Iran in July 2007. In examination, a firm inflated, mobile, and painless mass with distinct borders was palpated in the left upper abdominal quadrant. This mass was 16 cm in diameter. In CT scan a large hypodense mass with thick wall and crossing the center line on the right side of spine was prominent. Microscopic evaluations after the surgery showed tumoral cells of small polyhedral core elliptical, pseudopapillary processes trabeculs with diffused fibrosis, atrophy acinar and mild infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells in the tumors margins. Conclusion: The final diagnosis in this patient was SPPT, a primary neoplasm of the pancreas. Its etiology is unknown and has low potential to turn into malignant form. It should be considered, especially in young women. Complete removal of the mass is the preferred treatment of the patients. Patients with local recurrence or metastasis can have long term survival after complete removal of the mass.

Introduction: SOLID and cystic papillary epithelial neoplasm of pancreas is a rare neoplasm with low malignant potential which often occurs in young women. The tumor is usually large and encapsulated. Microscopic examination reveals small round cells with papillary-configuration in a delicate vascular stroma. Case Report: The cases presented in this report were 2 women at the age of 15 & 26 who were both injured by striking. Radiologic findings revealed retroperitoneal mass. Both patients have not had any problem after surgery yet.Conclusion: In this neoplasm, surgery is treatment of choice and definite diagnosis is made by histology and immunohistochemistry. Patients have excellent long-time prognosis.

Linear induction MOTORs (LIMs) are widely employed in rail transportation systems due to their robust, simple and low cost structure. Several methods have evaluated various topologies' performances in the literature. These methods are more and less effective in the intended structures. In this paper, a new two-dimensional analytical method is presented in order to predict developed thrust force of a single-sided linear induction MOTOR with a SOLID iron secondary. The skin and saturation effects of the induced eddy currents in the SOLID iron of the secondary are considered in the proposed method. The analytical results are then compared with the 2D finite element simulation and the experimental ones of the research work of Gieras et al. . Results confirm the accuracy of the proposed analytical and finite element methods for the analysis and design of linear induction MOTORs with SOLID iron secondary.

In accordance with the flow characteristics of vortex valve variable-thrust SOLID rocket MOTORs, a cold flow experimental system based on Particle Image Velocimetry was established. A flow velocity vector diagram of vortex chamber was generated, and the vortex structure was analyzed. The results provided an experimental foundation for numerical simulation. The flow characteristics in vortex chamber and in the throat and divergent sections of the nozzle were modeled and simulated. The flow in the vortex chamber conformed to the complex Rankine vortex, and the flow field was divided into three different zones. The vortex core was the primary influence factor for thrust modulation. The resultant velocity reached Mach number 1 before gas arrived at nozzle throat, and the axial velocity still reached Mach number 1 at nozzle throat. Hence, the axial velocity can be used to judge the occurrence of choking at the nozzle throat. The intensity of swirl flow in divergent section of the nozzle was evidently lower than that in vortex chamber and throat. As a result, a lowpressure zone emerged around the central axis, thereby causing thrust losses.

In the present research, a new model is presented to predict the burning rate of a SOLID rocket MOTOR (SRM) in the presence of erosive burning phenomenon. This model is based on the Wang model and the major modification is adding the pressure change in the erosive burning rate. In addition, the necessary relations needed to calculate the velocity gradient on the propellant surface in a one-dimensional internal BALLISTICs code was presented. To assess the new model, the test results of a laboratory MOTOR designed in this research were used. Also, to compare the performance and accuracy of this model with the other models, this MOTOR was simulated with the presented model and the six available models. The results of the comparison indicate that the new model has better accuracy than the other models. The advantage of introducing the pressure effect in the Wang model has been shown. Another advantage of the new model is that this model doesn’ t have any experimental constants dependent on the propellant composition or grain dimensions which is a common defect in popular models such as Lenoir-Robillard model.